List of the Unrecognized Nations and Peoples who are not adequately represented at the UN,  enumerates those geo-political entities which lack general diplomatic recognition, but wish to be recognized as sovereign states.

Abkhazia
Aboriginals of Australia
Acheh
Ahwazi
Albanians in Macedonia
Antarcticland
Assyria

Bashkortostan
Batwa
Bougainville
Buffalo River Dene Nation
Buryatia
Cabinda
Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
Chin
Chittagong Hill Tracts
Chuvash
Circassia
Cordillera
Crimean Tatars
East Turkestan
Gagauzia
Greek Minority in Albania
Hmong
Hungarian Minority in Romania
Ingushetia
Inkeri
Inner Mongolia
Iranian Kurdistan
Iraqi Kurdistan
Iraqi Turkmen
Kalahui Hawaii
Karenni State
Khmer Krom
Komi
Kosova
Kumyk
Lakota Nation
Maasai
Maohi
Mapuche
Mari
Mon
Montagnards
Nagalim
Nahua Del Alto Balsas
Nuxalk
Ogoni
Oromo
Rehoboth Basters
Rusyn
Sanjak
Scania
Shan
Sindh
Somaliland
South Moluccas
Southern Azerbaijan
Southern Cameroons
Taiwan
Talysh
Tatarstan
Tibet
Tsimshian
Tuva
Udmurt
Vhavenda
West Balochistan
West Papua
Zanzibar Nations and Peoples

The Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States

The Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States was a treaty signed at Montevideo, Uruguay on December 26, 1933, at the Seventh International Conference of American States. At this conference, United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt and Secretary of State Cordell Hull declared the so-called Good Neighbor Policy, which opposed U.S. armed intervention in inter-American affairs. This was a diplomatic attempt by Franklin D. Roosevelt to reverse the perception of "Yankee imperialism," brought about by policies instituted (largely) by his predecessor, President Theodore Roosevelt. The convention was signed by 19 states, 3 with reservations (United States, Brazil and Peru).
The convention sets out the definition, rights and duties of statehood. Most well-known is article 1, which sets out the four criteria for statehood that have sometimes been recognized as an accurate statement of customary international law:
The state as a person of international law should possess the following qualifications: (a) a permanent population; (b) a defined territory; (c) government; and (d) capacity to enter into relations with the other states.
Furthermore, the first sentence of article 3 explicitly states that "The political existence of the state is independent of recognition by the other states." This is known as the declarative theory of statehood.
Switzerland adheres to the same principle, stating that "neither a political unit needs to be recognized to become a state, nor does a state have the obligation to recognize another one. At the same time, neither recognition is enough to create a state, nor does its absence abolish it."